OK not a new calendar year, nor a new fiscal year, but a New
Year all the same!
Today Switzerland celebrates 731 years since it was founded.
Falling as it does this year on a Monday, means that a lot
of people – or rather the few who weren’t already gone on summer holidays –
took a long weekend. I, for once, am in town.
But am planning on a very low-key celebration, on my own as
simply too hot these days to enjoy crowds and/or bonfires. Not that the latter
will take place due to the extreme dryness of the whole country. Many cities
and communities are getting creative and I have even heard that there are drone
displays mimicking fireworks. Such inventiveness.
It’s also a personal milestone as I have been a Swiss citizen
for 15 years now, but always felt patriotic on the day having lived in the
country for almost 50 years. I enjoy the four national languages although my
Romantsch is rather lacking and it depends upon the dialect of Swiss German
being spoken: for some reason I do best understanding those from Lucerne – go
figure. I love the mountains, the culture, the diversity. Switzerland is not
only a land that emigrated, but also a land of immigrants. There are
occasionally clashes, but on the whole a country that can function in spite of,
or perhaps thanks to, its diversity is a great one to live in.
The Federal Charter from early
August 1291 is Switzerland's oldest constitutional document. In this ancient
pact, the valley communities of Central Switzerland, Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden
pledged to help each other resist any threat of violence or injustice. Foreign
judges were not to be tolerated, while the existing power balance remained
intact.
Summary of the Latin text
“For the common good and
proper establishment of peace, the following rules are agreed :
- In
view of the troubled circumstances of this time, the people and
communities of Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden promise to assist each other by
every means possible against one and all who may inflict on them violence
or injustice within their valleys and without.
- Each
community shall help the other with every counsel and favour and at its
own expense in the event of any assault on persons or goods within and
without the valleys and to this end have sworn a solemn oath to uphold
this agreement in confirmation and renewal of a more ancient accord.
- Every
man shall continue to serve his overlord to the best of his abilities.
- The
office of judge may not be obtained for any price and may only be
exercised by those who are natives or resident with us.
- Any
dispute amongst the Confederates shall be settled by the most prudent
amongst us, whose decision shall be defended by all.
- Those
who commit murder shall themselves be put to death. A murderer who flees
may never return. Those who protect him shall themselves be banished from
the valley until they are recalled by the Confederates.
- Those
who maliciously injure others by fire shall lose their rights as fellow
countrymen, and anyone who protects and defends such an evil-doer shall be
held liable for the damage done.
- Any
man who robs a Confederate or injures him in any way shall be held liable
to the extent of his property in the valleys.
- The
property of debtors or sureties may only be seized with the permission of
a judge
- Every
man shall obey his judge and must if need be indicate the judge in the
valley before whom he must appear.
- Any
man who rebels against a verdict and thereby injures a Confederate shall
be compelled by all other Confederates to make good the damage done.
- War
or discord amongst the Confederates shall be settled by an arbiter and if
any party fails to accept the decision or fails to make good the damage,
the Confederates are bound to defend the other party.
- These
rules for the common good shall endure forever.
Done with the seals of
the three aforementioned communities and valleys at the beginning of August
1291.”
Anyone wishing to can look up the history behind the Federal
Pact although it was adopted as the beginning of Switzerland only in the 19th
century can follow this link:
https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/federal-council/history-of-the-federal-council/federal-charter-of-1291.html